KINNOW, CITRUS FRUIT: ONE-STOP CROP

Kinnow is a member of the citrus fruit family and is a one-stop crop. southeast Asia originated it. States like Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu &Kashmir grow this crop. India is 3rd largest producer of kinnow in the world but it comes after Banana and Mango. In India, the major cities which produce kinnow are Punjab, Maharashtra , Andhra Pradesh out of which Punjab produces the maximum number of kinnow crops in 51,000 ha land and more than 12 lakh ton of annual output approx. 23.40 ha metric ton per ha.

As we know citrus fruits are important for our body it gives us Vitamin C which is very much in need in today’s time.

We know if something is important to us we can’t get it easily, likewise for having good cultivation of kinnow we need pesticides which can be used to protect the crops and one-stop crop solution is Geeken Chemicals India Limited. 

Kinnow also has its competitors in the market and one of them is Nagpur Oranges. Kinnow harvesting started in November and lasts till March in Punjab. And due to this long winter duration in Punjab kinnow losses its value in the market to Nagpur Oranges.

is a fruit that requires a lot of steps before it is delivered to the markets of a different state. For example waxing, packaging, grading and finally the step of transporting of the fruit is done.

SOIL REQUIREMENT:

For growing kinnow we don’t need a specific kind of soil. It can be cultivated in different kind of soils like sandy loam or clay loam or deep clay loam or even acidic soils are good for kinnow if the drainage facility is good.  It cannot bear the soil which is waterlogged. Ph. of the soil required is from 5.5 to 7.5.

CLIMATE REQUIRED FOR CULTIVATION OF KINNOW:

1. Temperature- 

Kinnow requires a temperature in between 13-37 degrees Celsius.

2. Rainfall-

Rainfall required for kinnow is between 300- 400 mm.

3. Sowing Temperature-

The temperature for kinnow to sowing should be somewhere 10-25 degrees Celsius

4. Harvesting Temperature-

And lastly for harvesting of kinnow the temperature required is 20-32 degrees Celsius as it cannot be grown in cold temperatures.

VARIETY OF KINNOW:

1. KINNOW-

It is the most popular fruit of Punjab state and is one crop stop solution.. kinnow golden orange in color and the juice of kinnow is sweet with a slightly acidic taste. It is a rich flavor fruit.

2. PAU KINNOW-

The harvesting period of this variant of fruit is January month.

Each fruit contains about 5 to 9 seeds and average of 45kilos per tree is grown in a cultivation period.

3. LOCAL-

This variant is grown in small areas of Punjab because the size of the fruit is generally small or medium in size. It is yellow on the outer cover and the harvesting month is from December to January.

4. DAISY-

Daisy gets matured in the end period of November and It contains about 10- 15v seeds in a single fruit. And the average yield of 57kilos per tree is obtained.

SEEDS PLANNING:

The plant density should be of minimum 111 plants per acre.

SOWING PROCESS:

1. TIME-

The best time to sow kinnow is from the middle of June to end of September but to protect them from strong wind one should plant Mango, Jamun, Mulberry, Guava crops on the boundaries.

2. SPACING-

The spacing between plants should be 6 x6 m

3. DEPTH-

Pits of size 60×60 cm must be dug for planting seeds.

4. PROCEDURE OF SOWING-

Kinnow propagation is thereby T budding method. It is in the ground over rough lemon-like Gambhir or jatli khatti rootstock. Or even can be pressed on kharna khatta rootstock.

Make a bed in the nursery of about 2m x1m size and sow the seeds with about 15 cm distance between the rows. When the seeds grows about 10-12cm of height, then transfer the plant. Select the best seedling for transplantation and remove the weak remaining seedlings. If required, pruned roots slightly before planting because it may help in producing the best crops.

In the nursery, sprouting only takes place until the plants think like a pencil. Buds are in the shape of a T or shield buds. A T–shaped section is in the bark of the tree at a certain distance of about 1520 cm from the ground. The grooves are cut horizontally by about 1.52 cm and in the middle, a vertical cut of about 2.5 cm is made cm is performed.

After that take out the bug from the bud stick and put it in T shape slots and wrap it with a plastic paper. T budding is in practice during February – March or August – September.

PRUNING AND TRAINING:

Firstly, Pruning (i.e. pruning / removing dead or living parts or a plant) and training (it is a practice where the growth of a tree is in align with a directional shape and form) is important for the healthy growth of branches of a plant at best.

The time is after fruit picking because it brings out the best in fruit nutrition. Avoid it when the plant is in an active growth stage.

Removing of diseases, injuries, dropping branches should happen from time to time because it saves the plants from harm.

FERTILIZERS REQUIRED:

When the kinnow crop is for 1 to 3-year-old crop we can use decomposed cow dung and urea as a fertilizer. 10-3- kgs and 240-720 gm per tree respectively.

One should apply the whole amount of cow dung in the month of December and Urea in 2 parts i.e. in February and April-May and while you are applying 1^st past of Urea, apply the whole dose of SSP fertilizer.

If any plant is facing fruit dropping problem and to control it one should take a spray of 2,4-D@10 gm in about 500 Liter of water. The spraying must happen in late March and late April. also, make sure no cotton plant is growing near the citrus fruit because it may affect the plant.

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WEED CONTROL:

For controlling weed, spray [email protected] Ltr/acre or [email protected] Ltr. Per acre and mix them in 200 Lts of water so that you can get better results.

To know what kind of herbicides you need for controlling weed in your crops visit Products – Geeken Chemicals

IRRIGATION:

Kinnow crop requires frequent watering in the starting growth years. Watering should be done weekly for 34-year-old plants and watering for older plants for 23 weeks, depending on soil type, weather conditions, and rainfall but still always additional water is required for this one-stop crop solution.  

Avoid doing floor irrigation as it causes diseases like root rot, collar rot, etc.

Apply light irrigation with heavy frequency for optimum yield

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